For many Illinoisans, Labor Day marks the unofficial end of summer, a long weekend filled with cookouts, community events and one last chance to enjoy the season. But behind the holiday is a history of American workers advocating for safer conditions, fair wages and reasonable hours – and Illinois played an important role in that story.
Labor Day traces its roots to the late 19th century, when the labor movement was growing across the country and in Illinois. It was at this time that Chicago became a focal point of the nationwide movement for an eight-hour workday, with tens of thousands of workers joining demonstrations and strikes.
In May 1894, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company on Chicago’s South Side walked off the job after the company cut wages amid an economic downturn. The Pullman Strike and corresponding lock-out of union workers grew into a major national railroad dispute and became a defining chapter in the history of America’s labor movement, culminating in both the official declaration of Labor Day by President Grover Cleveland amid the strike and the rise of the nation’s first African American union: the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
The legacy of Illinois workers stretches well beyond those historic events. Generations of farmers, factory workers, teachers, tradespeople and countless others have helped build our communities and keep Illinois moving forward.
Today, Labor Day gives us an opportunity to recognize those contributions and remember the generations of workers who fought to improve workplaces for those who came after them.
