This week in 1886, Captain George Wellington Streeter crashed his steamboat into a sandbar in Lake Michigan, beginning one of the strangest, most colorful sagas in the history of Illinois that led to the founding of one of Chicago’s most famous neighborhoods.

The Reutan was a 35-ton steamboat piloted by boatman, Civil War veteran and circus owner “Cap” Streeter, who was returning to Chicago from Milwaukee. Streeter’s boat ran aground on Lake Michigan near the present-day intersection of Fairbanks Court and Superior Avenue in Chicago on July 11, 1886. At that time, the city had not yet expanded to the east.  According to Cap and his wife Maria’s official statements, the Reutan was badly damaged by a storm when the wind and waves carried her to rest about 450 feet from shore.

The Streeters remained in the Reutan and invited local contractors to dump debris from the Chicago Fire, which had ravaged the city 15 years earlier, near the sand bar, creating a landfill which they claimed as their land. They named their 186 acres the District of Lake Michigan, which they claimed was a federal district independent of the state of Illinois. It was not until three years later that authorities would attempt to physically remove the Streeters from their land. With loaded rifles, George and Maria drove five constables out of the District of Lake Michigan.

April is National Poetry Month and in Illinois, a state with a rich literary history, it is the perfect time to celebrate the life and cultural achievements of Illinois Poet Laureate Gwendolyn Brooks. Brooks was the first black author to win the Pulitzer Prize in 1950 for her book of poetry Annie Allen. Because of her long and decorated career as a writer and professor of poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks has earned her place among the literary titans of Illinois and the United States.

Born in Kansas in 1917 to parents who encouraged her creativity and intellectual curiosity, Brooks and her family moved to Chicago when she was very young. Brooks was an avid reader and writer as a child and her talent was evident at a young age. She was first published at 13 when American Childhood published her poem “Eventide.” By the age of 17, her poems were frequently published in the Chicago Defender, a newspaper serving Chicago’s black population.

Brooks’s community and upbringing are important threads that run through all of her work. Her first collection is titled A Street in Bronzeville, a nod to her neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. Her poems celebrated, examined and portrayed urban black culture in the mid-20th century, a time when such representations were extremely rare. Literary critic Richard K. Barksdale described the poems in Brooks’s Pulitzer Prize-winning collection Annie Allen as “devoted to small, carefully cerebrated, terse portraits of the Black urban poor.” The author herself once described her style as “folksy narrative.”

Annie Allen tells the story of a black girl growing into adulthood. The work addresses social issues of the time, including the role of women in society. Starr Nelson of Saturday Review of Literature calls the book “a work of art and a poignant social document.” The book was published in 1949 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1950 at a time when the American literary community had not yet awarded the Prize to an African-American and had honored very few women with the Prize.

Brooks had a long writing career during which she also taught at Illinois institutions of higher learning including Columbia College, Northeastern Illinois University and Elmhurst College. Because of her contributions to the American literary and cultural landscape, Brooks succeeded the great Carl Sandburg as poet laureate of Illinois in 1968. She served in that position until her death in 2000 after a long and prolific career. She left behind a substantial body of work and a long list of contributions to American culture.

Tomorrow marks the 343rd anniversary of European involvement in Illinois. On Good Friday in 1674, Jesuit priest Fr. Jacques Marquette declared possession of a Kaskaskia village near present-day Ottawa and named it the Mission of the Immaculate Conception. It was the first Catholic mission in Illinois.

Fr. Marquette and his guide, Louis Jolliet, were the first Europeans to have contact with the Illiniwek nation Indians when they met with leaders in a village on the Illinois River in 1673, about a year prior to founding the mission.

After initially meeting the leaders of the Peoria and Kaskaskia tribes, two of about a dozen tribes in the Illiniwek Confederation, Marquette and Jolliet left the village to return to their base near Traverse City, Michigan. Local leaders sent the two Frenchmen off with a feast of corn porridge, fish, buffalo and dog (which the Europeans declined). The tribal leaders wished them well and encouraged them to return.

When they returned the following April after having waited out the winter of 1673-74 in a small hut near what would become Chicago, they were welcomed with open arms by the Illiniwek villagers. Historians suspect that the Illiniwek were so gracious because Marquette and Joliet told them that the French had vanquished their enemies, the Iroquois, with the help of the Christian God.

The establishment of the Mission of the Immaculate Conception is an important event in the history of Illinois. Only a few years later, the French established Fort Crevecoeur near the mission on the east bank of the Illinois River. A permanent settlement would later spring up around the fort and the mission and grew into what is now the city of Peoria.

74 years ago this week, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Bob Woodward was born in Geneva, Illinois. Woodward grew up in Wheaton, Illinois and was the son of an Illinois judge. As a teenager, Woodward worked in his father’s law office. It was here that he first began investigating. He snooped through his father’s legal files and discovered private information about many local residents.

After graduating from high school in 1961, Woodward headed to Yale University where he studied journalism. After college, he served as a communications officer in the United States Navy for five years. In 1970, Woodward was hired by the Washington Post for a two-week trial run. After two weeks, he was let go from the Post. Woodward was disappointed, but he refused to give up on journalism. Soon he began working as a reporter at the Montgomery Sentinel, which was located in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. He worked there for one year before the Washington Post gave him another chance.

In 1973, when he was just 30 years old, Woodward won his first Pulitzer Prize for his stories that broke the Watergate Scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Woodward’s successful reporting on Watergate made him a household name and one of the most influential figures in the history of American media.

In 2002, Woodward won his second Pulitzer Prize for his work reporting on the September 11th terrorist attacks. Aside from his reporting for the Post, Woodward has authored more than fifteen books on American politics, twelve of them best sellers. Today, Woodward works as an associate editor for the Post.